What role does HPL play during pregnancy?

Human placental lactogen (HPL), also known as human chorionic somatomammotropin, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism during pregnancy. It is produced by the placenta and primarily functions to modify the metabolic state of the mother to facilitate the energy supply for the growing fetus. Specifically, HPL alters maternal glucose metabolism, promoting insulin resistance to ensure that adequate glucose is available for fetal growth and development. This process helps ensure that the mother’s energy is directed toward supporting both her and the fetus’s needs.

Additionally, HPL influences the metabolism of fats and proteins, ensuring that they are used efficiently for energy, which is critical during pregnancy. This metabolic adjustment is essential as it helps in maintaining a steady supply of nutrients to the developing fetus.

The other options do not accurately represent the primary function of HPL. While it may have some influence on appetite, that is not its main role. HPL is not directly involved in fetal lung development or inducing labor; those processes are primarily influenced by other hormones and factors during pregnancy.