When does ovulation generally occur in relation to the menstrual cycle?

Ovulation generally occurs around the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, which is often estimated to be about 14 days before the start of the next menstrual period for individuals with a regular 28-day cycle. The follicular phase leading up to ovulation can vary in length, but ovulation itself is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) and typically occurs just before the menstrual cycle transitions into the luteal phase.

Option B states that ovulation occurs 14 days after the last day of the menstrual cycle, which misrepresents the timing. The phase after ovulation, known as the luteal phase, generally lasts about 14 days before menstruation begins. Thus, the correct understanding is that ovulation occurs approximately 14 days before the next menstrual cycle starts rather than after the last day of the menstrual cycle.

The other options also do not accurately describe the timing of ovulation. For instance, option A suggests ovulation occurs 14 days after the first day of the menstrual cycle, which is misleading because it implies a fixed timing rather than indicating the regular ovulation timing relative to the cycle. Option C incorrectly asserts that ovulation happens on the day of menstruation, which is not consistent with the physiological process of ovulation