Which maternal condition is known to not be associated with small for gestational age or growth-retarded infants?

Rh isoimmunization occurs when an Rh-negative mother produces antibodies against Rh-positive fetal blood cells. While this condition can lead to complications in pregnancy, such as hemolytic disease of the newborn, it does not typically result in small for gestational age (SGA) or growth-restricted infants. The primary concern with Rh isoimmunization is the potential for severe anemia and jaundice in the newborn due to the destruction of fetal red blood cells by maternal antibodies, which can lead to more significant health issues rather than just size limitations at birth.

In contrast, conditions like gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, and preeclampsia are more closely associated with an increased risk of SGA or growth-restricted infants. Gestational diabetes can lead to fetal macrosomia, but it can also result in complications where the infant may be smaller than expected due to alterations in the placental blood flow or metabolic imbalances. Chronic hypertension can impair uteroplacental circulation, leading to decreased fetal growth as well. Preeclampsia, characterized by high blood pressure and potential end-organ dysfunction, can disrupt placental blood flow and nutrient delivery to the fetus, often resulting in growth restriction. Therefore, Rh isoimmunization stands out as the