Which of the following is a sign of fetal distress during labor?

Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns are indeed a critical indicator of fetal distress during labor. These patterns might indicate that the fetus is not receiving enough oxygen, which can occur due to various reasons such as umbilical cord compression, uteroplacental insufficiency, or uterine hyperstimulation. Monitoring fetal heart rate is an essential component of intrapartum care, and any deviations from normal patterns—such as variable decelerations, late decelerations, or prolonged bradycardia—can signify a potential risk for the fetus, prompting further assessment and intervention to ensure the well-being of both the fetus and the mother.

In contrast, normal fetal heart rate patterns, increased fetal movement, and clear amniotic fluid indicate a typically healthy state for the fetus. Normal heart rate patterns show that the fetus is likely to be well-oxygenated and in a stable condition. Increased fetal movement often suggests a healthy and active fetus, whereas clear amniotic fluid generally points to an absence of infection or meconium staining, which are positive signs during labor. Hence, it is the abnormal fetal heart rate patterns that highlight a significant concern needing immediate attention.